Pigment dispersions in water



Patented May 5, 1953 PIGMENT DISPERSIONS IN WATER Laszlo Auer, SouthOrange, N. J.

No Drawing. Application June 22, 1950, Serial No. 169,791

20 Claims. 1

GENERAL OUTLINE OF INVENTION Water dispersions of organic pigments havemany applications. They are used to color natural and synthetic latexcompositions, to color paper in the paper industry and in combinationwith binders to color textiles by printing or padding.

The organic pigments are hydrophobic in nature and their press cakescontain about 14% to 35% pigment and 65% to 86% water. The large watercontent of the press cakes indicates the hydrophobic nature.

To make useful pigment dispersions in water, it is necessary to wet outthe pigment particles individually and to break up aggregates of pigmentparticles formed during pressing and washing the press cake or duringsubsequent drying to dry powder pigment.

Numerous methods and wetting agents and dispersing agents are describedin the literature for this purpose. However, the color value of thesedispersions is comparatively low, as marketed today by most suppliers.

The purpose of this invention is to prepare in a simple manner organicpigment dispersions in water with high color yield and tinting power.This purpose is accomplished by the use of fatty alcohol sulfates asdispersing and wetting agents. Sodium salts are satisfactory. Theseagents work well alone, but their action is improved by adding smallerquantities of sodium alkyl sulfonates. Small additions of protectivecolloids like casein and methyl cellulose may be added for furtherimproving properties.

'PIGMENTS USED IN MAKING WATER DISPEBSIONS (1) Phthalocyam'ne pigmentsPhthalocyanine blue, which is a copper or tincopper phthalocyanine, ismarketed under trade names of Monastral Fast Blue by E. I. du Pont deNemours & Co. and as Heliogen Blue by General Dyestufi Corporation.

Phthalocyanine green, which is a chlorinated copper plithalocyaninecolor, is marketed under trade names of Monastral Fast Green, by E. I.

2 du Pont de Nemours & Co. and as Heliogen Green by General DyestufiCorporation.

A newer phthalocyanine color is marketed as Monastral Fast Gold Green byI. du Pont de Nemours 8; C0.

(2) Insoluble azo pigments Benzidine yellows are couplings betweendichlorobenzidine and acetoacetic arylides, such as theacetoacetic-anilide, -ortho toluidide, -xylidide, para chloro analideand -ortho chloro analide.

Benzidine orange is a coupling product of dichlorobenzidine withpyrazolone substitution products, such as methyl phenyl pyrazolone.

Hansa yellows are acetoacetic arylide couplings with substitutedanilines, like 4-chloro-2- nitroaniline, or orthonitraniline, amongstothers.

Insoluble azo reds are coupling products of the Naphthol AS typecompounds of beta-orthonaphthoic acid, such as Naphthol AS, NaphtholAS-OL, Naphthol AS-BS, Naphthol AS-D with fast color salts, such as2,5-dichloroaniline, pnitro orthotoluidine, p nitro orthoanisidine,amongst others. One example being the coupling product of NaphtholAS-ITR with i'ast color salt. (Fast red color salt ITR.)

Naphthol AS type couplings may yield also yellows and oranges of theinsoluble azc pigment group. Aniline black pigment can be listed heretoo.

Toluidine Maroon and Dianisidine Blue and a brown pigment obtained byforming the copper salt of para-nitraniline red. are other examples.

(3) Vat pigments Vat pigments are of the indigoid or anthraquinone type.The indigoid type includes thicindigo derivatives and the anthraquincnetype includes derivatives of Flavanthrene, Benzenthrone and complexstructures mane by condensing benzanthrone molecules.

Thioindigo Red 13 has Color Index No. 1207 and Schultz No. 912.Thioindigo Pink Color Index No. 1211 and Schultz No. (319. Forformulation, i. e. structural formula see 2G3 and 209 in Pratt:Chemistry and of Organic Pigments, John Wiley 8: Sons, 194?.

Indanthrene Blue Color Index No. 1106, Schultz ,No. 837 is an example ofthe anthraquinone type vat pigments.

Structural formulas of some vat pigments are listed on pages 429 to 435in volume V of Mattiello: Protective and Decorative Coatings, John Wiley81 Sons, Inc., New York, 1%6. They include Indanthrene Rubine RD,Indanthrene Orange RRTA, Indanthrene Golden Orange GA, Indanthrene BrownRA, Hello Fast Yellow GGL, Indanthrene Brilliant Violet SBA, Fast VioletRN, Indigo Blue, Indanthrene Navy Blue RA.

The present dispersion method of this invention is applicable in vatpigment dispersions, which are not intended to be used as pigments, butapplied for dyeing or printing in the textile industry also, whichapplication includes forming a water soluble leuco compound from the vatpigment and re-oxidizing same in a subsequent step. A better dispersionof the pigment in water will yield better results as far as color valueis concerned, after reduction and re-oxidation. Conventional additivesshould be added, like flow agents, hygroscopic agents, known in the artfor this type of application.

(4) Carbon blacks Furnace blacks, channel blacks, acetylene gas ADISPERSING Aocn'rs The dispersing agents of this invention are fattyalcohol sulfates, such as sodium, ammonium or triethanol amine salts ofsulfates of lauryl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, oleyl alcohol and theirmixtures. These agents are known in the art to form emulsions and areused as detergents, but their use as pigment dispersing agents isbelieved to be novel.

sulfates of hydroabietyl alcohol act similarly to fatty alcoholsulfates.

Examples of commercial products are Duponol which is a dry powder formof sodium lauryl sulfate, manufactured by E. I. du Pont de Nemours 81C0,, and Duponol WA paste, which is a water paste of the same compound,containing 30% active ingredient and some inorganic salt impurities.

It was found, that the action of fatty alcohol sulfates is greatlyenhanced and improved by us-. ing as further additive a minor quantityof sodium alkyl naphthalene sulfonates, such as the isopropylnaphthalene sulfonate and the isobutyl naphthalene sulfonate. The formeris marketed under the trade name of N ekal A by the General DyestuffCorporation and the latter as Nekal BX by the same company.

Protective colloids Further improvement in degree of defiocculation ofthe pigment is obtained, by adding protective colloids to the waterdispersion, such as casein and methyl cellulose.

PROPORTIONS or Annirivns TO PIGMENT CONTENT The proportions of surfaceactive agent to pigment content is very important. The fatty alcoholsulfates may be added in proportions of 2 to 20% per 100 parts of drypigment, but for complete defiocculation of the pigment at least andpreferably to are used. Higher proportions of fatty alcohol sulfate arepermissible, but does not seem to produce further im-. movement, indeflocculation, to a degree to ware rant such increase. Largerproportions may be used, however, to satisfy specialty purposes ofincorporation into finished products or to satisfy machinerylimitations.

The sodium alkyl naphthalene sulfonates are added in proportions of [2%to 4% based on the pigment content, 2% being a preferred andsatisfactory proportion.

If protective colloids are added, about 1%,oi

dry casein is used, based on the dry pigment content and about 5% methylcellulose low viscosity type, designated as 15 cps. type in the trade.Larger quantities of protective colloids can be added, but their actionis distinct in the here given proportions. They help to completedeflocculation and keep the particles in suspension.

CoLoR DEVELOPMENT To illustrate the advantages of the dispersions madeaccording to this invention, we have to discuss the meaning of theexpression color value. Pigments have a property known as hiding power.Hiding power is needed in paints which are applied on a different basecolor, to hide the color of the undercoat. Hiding power is measured bypainting measured quantities on black and. white checkerboard design, onso called hiding power charts and the quantity of pigment needed persurface area which will hide equally the black and white squares of thechart, is used to express hiding power. The hiding power in the pigmentdispersions and end use of the pigments here discussed has little or noimportance. There is another property of pigments, called tinting power,which is of importance with these pigments. Tinting power is measured byadding a dispersed color to a white opaque paint and measuring thestrength of tinting caused by a unit of added colored pigment. For thepurposes of this process color development means increased tintingpower.

In printing on textiles with resin emulsion pigment colors, as describedin my cop-ending application Ser. No. 91,009, filed May 2, 1949, thecolor effect is caused by the transparent pigments through their tintingeffect on the white background of the textile fabric. Increased colordevelopment will show stronger color effect in print- 1 It is known tothose skilled in the art, that if e. g. one pound of phthalocyanine bluepigment is dispersed and incorporated into a water-in-oil emulsion colorconcentrate and this is reduced with a clear emulsion extender to yielda certain shade in a ratio of e. g. 1 part of color concentrate byvolume and 20 parts of extender emulsion by volume, and the same onepound of phthalocyanine blue is incorporated into an oil-in-water resinemulsion color concentrate, and the above shade is matched for strengthby adding an oilin-ewater extender clear to the color concentrate, themileage of the oil-in-water color concentrate is much lower, than thatof the water-in-oil color concentrate, having the same pigment content,

and to match the formerly mentioned 1:20 cut shade of the water-in-oilemulsion, we have to go as low as 1:5 or 1:10 with an oil-in-wateremulsion color. In other words, using heretofore known conventionaldispersion methods and agents, 011- in-water resin emulsion colors couldnot be used successfully in competition with water-in-oil colors, as theformer gave to color values with the same pigment content, whereas thelater had color value. Using the instant dispersions in oil-in-wateremulsions, the color value of 100% may be reached or even surpassed. Inthe same manner in coloring latex compositions for dipping or knifecoating or roller coating applications, increased color values areobtainable with the new dispersions and improvement can be shown inpaper beater coloring applications also.

Improvement in vat color printing is also noticeable.

Convmrrronar. PIGMENI DISPERSING Acnn'rs The hydrophobic nature of thepigments herein treated is exemplified by the high water content of thepress cakes, which all look like more 6 19.69% blue pig-ment, 0.39%Nekal A. 1.77% 1511 ponol dry, 0.20% Tamol and 77.95% water. On 100parts pigment the quantity of Nekal A was 2% and the quantity of Duponol9%. This slurry 5 was passed through the disintegrator and porg s i ggigi g gg g az gg igg tions of it were colloid milled on a'Premier millagents make this false structure collapse, by wetgf i igg g 3323 2 $252Kfifig at mu ting out the pigment particles upon addition of smallerquantities of agents. 10 Example 2 Examples of such agents are: sodium nTo 5448 grams of press cake used in Example sulfonate, partiallydesulfonated sodium lignin 1 using similar solutions as in Example 1 573sulfonate, calcium lignin sulfonate, polymerized gmms of Nekal Solutionand 592A granils of sodium salts of short chain alkyl naphthaleneDuponol WA paste were adddect After sulfonic acids, condensed arylsulfonates, polymg the Slurry became liquid and was passed g 3 33 9 f gthrough the disintegrator and in part through 511 amongs 0 g- 3 l g ithe colloid mill, as in Example 1. The resulting un er m e f r f islurry contained 18.63% blue, 0.37% Nekal A, SS; g am a 3.35% Duponoland 77.65% water. The NekalA Liquefaction of press cakes occur withthese gig gfig gg zi 3: 5 igg g f agents upon addition of 1% to 2%active agent, based on pigment content. Example 3 In contrast to theseconventional agents, the ga t press cake used in Examples 1 and 2 tilliiilii fil iiiiai i ilfie tiiffii iti E Sing th additives t;

I i 1 ion was made using grams pres" cake, 5 liquefaction of press cakesin percentage ranges grams of Nekal A solution, 7 gmfmS of of totalactive agent ranging from 2% to 4%, and ponol WA pasta In t exampletheNekal A therefore Etl'elgft cinsidered as pigment dispers-- was 2% onpigment Content and the Duponol g 1 i0 it fi g si i032; during theinvestigation lead- 25 2 ggh gg i g 32:5 5; g g gfl iif 222L2 2? ing tothe instant process, that whereas the for-. grator and Tamol was d d,17.25 grams, t mer conventienal pigment dispersing agents will tain fullliquefaction. The pigment content of liquefy press cakes at lowconcentrations, they do fini hed Slurry was Nekal A O 40%, not causecomplete deflocculation of the pigment 35 Dupono1 0 1% Tamol 031% andWater 7 particles in water and optimum color value. On t of the slum-ywas passed through t p the other hand, whereas larger quantities have to0m 111111; be added of the agents of this invention before E y 4liquefaction of the press cake to a slurry occurs, mwmpte by properproportions of these agents and proper 40 To 5448 grams of the presscake used in the equipment optimum deflocculation and color previousexamples 346.2 grams of Duponol WA value is developed. th H t t 1 thipastetwas added, to form a 9% active agent addi- As may be seen in elus ra ive examp es, e ion 0 100 par s of dry pigment. 34.5 grams ofpigment dispersing agents of this invention are in Tamol N (Blancol) wasrequired to liquefy the solution in the water of the pigment dispersionslurry sufficiently, that it could be passed through and the pigment isin direct contact Wlth said the disintegrator. Part of the slurry wassubsesolution. quently colloid milled. The compositionof end FYAUPLFSproduct was 19.81% pigment, 1.69% Duponol and i 0.68% Tamol,77.82%water.

To illustrate the instant invention, a few exam- Constants of thedisintegrator treated slurries ples are given here below. The examplesare of Examples 1to4were as-follows:

Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Example 4 'lgmol diy l1; grams. 8 3 $2325grams. 3485 grams. htsaiistannca. senses: tiuii'sfiiamei necifihi'tis'IImedium vise. Viscosity 1.337 cps 25.353 cps 9.22.631 cps 38.186 cps.

meant to illustrate the process and not to limit same.

' Example 1 Phthalocyanine Blue presscake, marketed under the trade nameof Heliogen Blue BV presscake by the General Dyestuff Corporation, 21.2%dry pigment content was used as starting material. To 5,448 grams presscake add 57.? grams of a 40% Nelral A solution in water, 346.2 gramsDuponol VIA paste 30% active ingredient (sodium lauryl sulfate,technical). After premixing the product was not thin enough to be fedinto a disintegrator (hammer mill) and 11.5 grams of Tamol N, alsomarketed as Blancol by Roehm andfI-laas of Philadelphia was added to getfull liquefaction. Resulting product composed of Example 5 I becamecompletely 1iquid. It has been found,

that dry powder addition, which is attractive as it does notincreasewater content, yield very satisfactory results. However, the pie-mixingrepresents some problem and knife pronged agitators are needed, such aspony'mixer blades, to liquefy the press cake to a slurry. Propeller- 7types, or other turbine type agitators do not work well at this stage,as they could not manage to break up the lumps of the press cake. Thepremix is then further dispersed by the aid of an Eppenbach Homomixer,which is a high speed turbo mixer, having a narrow clearance betweenturbine and stator. It runs about 3600 R. P. M. About 15 minutes issatisfactory, but occasionally up to 30 minutes may be used. A H. P.motored mixer satisfactorily disperses a 500 lb. press cake quantity ina 55 to 60 gal. size drum. (Open head drum.) The active ingredient inDuponol dry powder is the same as that of Duponol WA paste, i. e.technical sodium lauryl sulfate.

The homomixed slurry is passed through a colloid mill, to completedispersion and deflocculation. Pebble milling is also very satisfactoryto complete pigment defiocculation and dispersion. 24 hours to 48 hoursare satisfactory milling times.

Example 6 100 lbs. of Benzidine yellow, which is a coupling product ofdichlorobenzidine and acetoacetic acid orthotoluidide, 2 lbs. of Nekal Adry, 18 lbs. of Duponol ME dry and 280 lbs. of water are mixed in a ponymixer until a slurry is formed. This slurry has 25% pigment content. Itis homomixed for 30 minutes and colloid milled to complete pigmentdeflocculation. Col loid milling may be replaced by pebble milling.Another satisfactory machine to disperse or complete dispersion, is theGaulin homogenizer, which is a valve type homogenizer Working underpressure and is fed by a reciproca1 displacement type booster pump. 3000to 5000 pounds per square inch pressure is satisfactory to completedefiocculation of the pigment. This machine works in a continuousmanner, like colloid mills, in contrast to the batch process typeworking manner of a pebble mill.

In this example instead of the Benzidine yellow, insoluble azo reds maybe used also, such. as the coupling product of Naphthol AS-OL with FastScarlet Salt GG, or of Naphthol AS with p-nitro-o-toluidine, or NaphtholAS-BS coupled with p-nitro-o-anisidine, or Naphthol AS-D coupled with.p-nitro-o-toluidine.

Example 7 Example 5 is repeated, using instead of thegreen press cake apress cake of Thioindigo Maroon of 16.1% pigment content, marketed byHarmon Color Works under the trade name of Indo Maroon MV-l, orAnthragen Violet RH by General Dyestuff Corporation.

Example 8 Example 6 is repeated, using instead of the Benzidine yellow,Thioindigo Pink FF dry powder.

Example 9 Example 5 is repeated, adding to the slurry ammonium caseinatesolution in water, with 20% casein content, in a quantity to yield 1%casein" addition to 100' parts of dry pigment. This is added under theHomomixer.

Example 1 0 Example 9 is repeated, by further adding before completingthe h-omomixing operationa 10% water solution of low viscosity methylcellulose, cps. viscosity type in quantity to yield 5% dry methylcellulose additionv on the pigment content.

8 Example 11 Example 5 is repeated, adding to the slurry under thehomomixer a 10% water solution of low viscosity methyl cellulose, 15cps. viscosity type in a quantity to yield 5 dry methyl celluloseaddition on the pigment content.

The pigment slurries of Examples 1 to 11 are eminently suitable to formcolor concentrates of oil-in-water resin emulsion pigment colorconcentrates, as described in my copending application of Serial No.91,009, of which the application is a continuation-in-part. Whenextended with extender emulsions, these color concentrate emulsionsyield brilliant prints, with excellent color yield and good washability.I have found, that complete deflocculation of pigments is essential inobtaining laundering resistant prints and such is obtained using thepigment slurries made according to the instant invention.

In Example 2 of my copending application Serial No. 91,009, I havedescribed a dehydrated castor oil fatty acid ester formed with analcohol, which is derived by condensing epichlorhydrin and bisphenol.From this resin a suitable oilin-water emulsion can be prepared, as described in Example 13 of said copending application in the folowingmanner: 42.15 parts of said resin dissolved in xylol, 50% resin content,0.31 part of mixed naphthenate driers, 12.22 parts of 10% sodium laurylsulfate solution in water, 20.65 parts of a 20% casein solution inwater, containing antifouling agents, 5.48 parts of ammonium hydroxidesolution prepared by mixing 1 part of concentrated ammonium hydroxideand 1 part of water, 10.54 parts of a 20% water solution of sodiumcarboxymethylcellulosc, low viscosity type, and 8.65 parts of water, aremade into an emulsion in the following manner: Add to the resin solutionunder agitation of the sodium lauryl sulfate solution, mix the remainingthe Water and the casein solution in a separate container and add themslowly to the resin solution containing mixture under agitation. Add theammonium hydroxide solution and add finally the sodiumcarboxymethylucellulose solution. no mogenize. This emulsion is asuitable binder for color concentrates. With this binder emulsion acolor concentrate can be prepared similar to the one described inExample 19 of said copending application.

Whereas the herein claimed surface active agents are believed to beessential for the success of this invention, conventional type pigmentdispersing agents may be present as additives.

Carbon black is considered, from the point of view of this invention, ahydrophobic organic pigment and may be dispersed according to Example 6,replacing carbon black for the pigment in the example.

N ekal A is defined by the manufacturer as short chain alkyl substitutednaphthalene sulfonate, sodium salt, with alkyl chain length shorter thanhexyl. Whereas the alkyl chain may be a mixture of isomers and ofvarying chain length, applicant believes, that isopropyl naphthalene sulfonte, sodium salt is the major constituent.

If casein is added, it may range from to 50% of pigment content, butgood results were ob-' tained with as little as 1%. Low viscosity methylshort chain alkyl substituted naphthalene Sill fonate as auxiliaryagent, said alkyl chain being shorter than a hexyl chain.

2. The dispersion of claim 14, in which the fatty alcohol sulfate issodium lauryl sulfate.

3. The dispersion of claim 14, in which as auxiliary agent sodiumisopropyl naphthalene sulfonate is present.

4. The dispersion of claim 14, comprising a copper phthalocyaninepigment.

5. The dispersion of claim 14, comprising an insoluble azo pigment.

6. The dispersion of claim 14, comprising a vat pigment.

7. The dispersion of claim 14, comprising carbon black pigment.

8. The dispersion of claim 14, comprising about 18% sodium laurylsulfate and about 2% sodium short chain alkyl substituted naphthalenesulfonate, based on pigment content.

9. The dispersion of claim 14, comprising casein as protective colloidin the proportion of /2% to 50% of the dry pigment content.

10. The dispersion of claim 14, comprising methyl cellulose asprotective colloid in the proportion of 1% to 10% of the dry pigmentcontent.

11. Process to prepare completely deflocculated dispersions of by naturehydrophobic pigments in water by incorporating a water soluble fattyalcohol sulfate into a mixture of Water and pigment, mixing the mixtureand passing the slurry through a pigment dispersing equipment, saidfatty alcohol sulfate being a member of the class consisting of salts ofsulfates of lauryl alcohol, cetyl alcohol and oleyl alcohol, and saidsulfate being applied in proportions of 9 parts to 20 parts for each 100parts of hydrophobic pigment.

12. Process to prepare completely deflocculated dispersions of by naturehydrophobic pigments in water by incorporating sodium lauryl sulfateinto a mixture of water and pigment, mixing the mixture and passing theslurry through a pigment dispersing equipment, in which process, basedon 100 parts of dry pigment, 4% to 20% sodium lauryl sulfate and to 2%short chain substituted alkyl naphthalene sulfonate, sodium'salt aremixed into said mixture of water and pigment.

13. The process of claim 11, in which about 1% casein and about 5% lowviscosity methyl cellulose are added from Water solution to the mixture,based on the dry pigment content.

14. Dispersion of a by nature hydrophobic organic pigment in water,comprising (1) a press cake component and (2) a dispersing agentcomponent, said press cake component comprising 14% to 35% ofhydrophobic organic pigment and 65% to 86% of water, and said dispersingagent component comprising a water soluble fatty alcohol sulfate, whichis a member of the class consisting of salts of sulfates of laurylalcohol, cetyl alcohol and oleyl alcohol, said dispersing agentcomponent being used in proportions of 9% to 20% of fatty alcoholsulfate, based on the dry pigment content of the press cake compofattyalcohol sulfate is an ammonium salt.

17. The dispersion of the claim 14, in which the fatty alcohol sulfateis a triethanolamine salt.

18. Dispersion of a by nature hydrophobic pigment in water, comprising(1) a water-and-pigmerit mixture component and (2) a dispersing agentcomponent, said Water-and-pigment mixture component consisting of 14% to35% of hydrophobic organic pigment and to 86% of Water, and saiddispersing agent component comprising a water soluble fatty alcoholsulfate, which is a member of the class consisting of salts of sulfatesof lauryl alcohol, cetyl alcohol and oleyl alcohol, said dispersingagent component being used in proportions of 9% to 20% of fatty alcoholsulfate, based on the dry pigment content, said dispersing agent beingin solution in said Water and said pigment being in direct contact withsaid solution.

19. Dispersion of a by nature hydrophobic pigmerit in water, comprising(1) a carbon black and water mixture component and (2) a dispersingagent component, said carbon black and water mixture componentconsisting of 14% to 35% of carbon black and 65% to 86% of water, andsaid dispersing agent component comprising a water soluble fatty alcoholsulfate, which is a member of the class consisting of salts of sulfatesof lauryl alcohol, cetyl alcohol and oleyl alcohol, said dispersingagent component being used in proportions of 9% to 20% of fatty alcoholsulfate, based on the dry carbon black content, said dispersing agentbeing in solution in said water and said carbon black being in directcontact with said solution.

2 0. An oil-in-water resin emulsion pigment color concentrate comprisingthe dispersion of claim 18.

LASZLO AUER.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS NumberName Date 2,046,757 Tucker July 7, 1936 2,230,353 Kern Feb. 4, 19412,342,641 Cassel Feb. 29, 1944 2,342,642 Cassel Feb. 29, 1944 FOREIGNPATENTS Number Country Date 453,786 Great Britain Sept. 18, 1936

18. DISPERSION OF A BY NATURE HYDROPHOBIC PIGMENT IN WATER, COMPRISING(1) A WATER-AND-PIGMENT MIXTURE COMPONENT AND (2) A DISPERSING AGENTCOMPONENT, SAID WATER-AND-PIGMENT MIXTURE COMPONENT CONSISTING OF 14% TO35% OF HYDROPHOBIC ORGANIC PIGMENT AND 65% TO 86% OF WATER, AND SAIDDISPERSING AGENT COMPONENT COMPRISING A WATER SOLUBLE FATTY ALCOHOLSULFATE, WHICH IS A MEMBER OF THE CLASS CONSISTING OF SALTS OF SULFATESOF LAURYL ALCOHOL, CETYL ALCOHOL AND OLEYL ALCOHOL, SAID DISPERSIN AGENTCOMPONENT BEING USED IN PROPORTIONS OF 9% TO 20% OF FATTY ALCOHOLSULFATE, BASED ON THE DRY PIGMENT CONTENT, SAID DISPERSING AGENT BEINGIN SOLUTION IN SAID WATER AND SAID PIGMENT BEING IN DIRECT CONTACT WITHSAID SOLUTION.
 20. AN OIL-IN-WATER RESIN EMULSION PIGMENT COLORCONCENTRATE COMPRISING THE DISPERSION OF CLAIM 18.